Up From Eugenics: UMaine Beryl Warner Williams Hall Dedication
Up From Eugenics: UMaine Beryl Warner Williams Hall Dedication on April 28th
Up From Eugenics: Beryl Warner Williams Hall replaces Clarence Cook Little Hall. Two years in the making, the dedication will be a multidimensional celebration of Black Joy. Join the celebration of this historic event in UMaine history on April 28th, in person or online.
In the spring of 2021, the University of Maine System Board of Trustees voted to change the name of C.C. Little Hall to Beryl Warner Williams Hall. A special committee of faculty, staff, as well as current and past students, and Williams’ descendants co-created the redesign of the building to recognize the legacy of Beryl Warner Williams and joyfully center the experience of Maine’s Black Community, without concealing the horrific history of the University’s historical role as an educational leader in the Eugenics Movement.
Clarence Cook Little Hall
The Third National Conference on Race Betterment was held January 1928 at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, under the planning and presiding of Clarence C. Little, president of the University of Michigan. “The subject matter was divided into twelve sections, including heredity and eugenics, crime and sterilization, immigration and man, etc.”(“Race Betterment Foundation”, 2022)
As President of the American Eugenics Society, he was a leader who encouraged the forced sterilization of People of Color, in addition to, people who were categorized as “disabled,” “insane,” “impoverished,” or “criminal.” Between 1913 and 1930 the University of Maine offered courses on Eugenics, and employed numerous leading scholars in the field.
The ceremony will be attended by the descendants of Beryl Warner Williams, and the program will include notable Black Mathematicians, Poets, Artists, Musicians, and descendants of Bangor’s Black Community:
Dr. Leon C. Woodson, Professor of Mathematics at Morgan State University, Executive Secretary Emeritus of the National Association of Mathematics
Rachael Keri Williams, Beryl Warner Williams Hall Visionary Thought Leader, Descendant Historian, Artist, Author, Founder & Executive Director of SOAL: SavingOurAncestorsLegacy. Beryl’s Granddaughter.
Eve Elizabeth Williams, Unfiltered, Award-Winning Poet. Pubs. include AfroPunk, SonofBaldwin, KinfolkKollective, Peach Mag, Sun Magazine. Beryl’s Granddaughter.
MYQ Farrow, is a Singer-Songwriter, street performer and reluctant poet. “Music is a joy, it is a revolutionary act, so joy is revolutionary.” Founder & Lead of FARROW— P-Funk, Jam, R&B/Soul & Old-School Folk– Albums: Agitate, Educate.
Nancy Dymond, is a Bangor Native. She is the first Maine-born African American to earn a degree in Education from UMaine to teach in Maine. She has been involved in community theater for 30 years.
Dr Scott Warner Williams Blacksmith, Publisher, Poet & Author, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the University at Buffalo, recipient of Ford Foundation, Fulbright, & NSF awards, African Americans of the Diaspora author, who has given over 85 invited lectures, colloquia, and seminars at 58 institutions in 8 countries. Beryl’s son.
Remarks by UMaine President Joan Ferrini-Mundy
The post-ceremony reception in the atrium will unveil:
The first public art installation on campus: two large-scale murals by Black Artists, Rachel Gloria & Ryan Adams of Portland, Maine in tribute to Williams and a celebration of Black Heritage in Maine.
A multimedia kiosk was created to bring Beryl’s life into perspective. Kacie Bond, New Media and Professor Michael Scott, MS ASAP Media Lab Director at UMaine.
Beryl Elisabeth Warner (1914-1999) was born and raised in Bangor, Maine. She was UMaine’s second Black Female student to earn an undergraduate degree, receiving a BA in Mathematics and minors in English and Music in 1935; an M.A. in Mathematics in 1940, and an Honorary Doctorate from UMaine in 1972.
After receiving her Master’s Degree, she was barred from teaching in Maine, because Black people were not allowed to teach at the elementary or secondary level. So, Williams was forced to move to find employment in New Orleans, the Carolinas, Pennsylvania, and out west. She began building networks, teaching in Black schools and colleges across the country.
- She met Dr. Roger Kenton Williams, of Harrisburg, PA, at Claflin College. After becoming the first Black person to earn a Psychology Ph.D. from Penn State, Dr. Williams established Morgan State University’s Psychology Department. They married in 1942 and had one son.
- Although she began her career at Morgan State with only a part-time job, Beryl went on to lead the development of the evening, summer and extension programs; found the Center for Continuing Education; and became Morgan’s first female academic dean. While at Morgan she also led the Desegregation of Baltimore Public Schools, and served on the Baltimore Public Schools Board of Commissioners for ten years (1974-1984), as President and Vice-President.
- As a musician and artist, she played cello and piano as a volunteer and to pay for college; later she played with the Baltimore Orchestra. Her textile art was exhibited at the Little Black Museum, the Enoch Pratt Library, and other places.
- Dr. Williams was a champion of Black History and Art, Africa and her students.
- She also contributed and, or led numerous other national and international causes through her work with—Delta Sigma Theta, the NAACP, Black Museums, establishing Baltimore-Gbaranga, Liberia as Sister Cities, and the National Association of Negro Women.
- Beryl championed oral history projects, mutual aide networks, and free lifetime learning programs for the elderly, until her death.
Beryl Warner Williams Hall at the University of Maine will be dedicated in a ceremony on April 28, 2023, beginning at 2 p.m. in 130 Williams Hall, followed by a reception in the atrium. To attend, RSVP online at our.umaine.edu/williams. The event also will be livestreamed: umainefoundation.org/live. To request a reasonable accommodation, contact William Biberstein, 207.581.4091.
If you would like to join us in person, please contact Rachael Keri Williams, if you have any difficulty registering.
Resources:
Abortion – A Liberal Cause? (Margaret Sanger and Eugenics) (no date). Available at: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/users/rauch/abortion_eugenics/peterson.html (Accessed: 7 April 2023).
African American Quilting From Slavery to the Present (no date). Available at: http://www.womenfolk.com/quilting_history/afam.htm (Accessed: 26 February 2022).
‘African-American Art in Maine’ (2009) New England Today, 17 December. Available at: https://newengland.com/today/travel/maine/bearden/ (Accessed: 26 May 2021).
‘An Eponymous Honor’ (no date). Available at: https://magazine.morgan.edu/an-eponymous-honor/ (Accessed: 6 April 2023).
Andreasen, D. et al. (2020) ‘AA MS 01 Gerald E. Talbot Collection Finding Aid’. Gerald E. Talbot Collection, African American Collection of Maine, Jean Byers Sampson Center for Diversity in Maine, University of Southern Maine Libraries. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/aafinding_aids/1.
‘Artists Rachel and Ryan Adams Are All Over Portland’ (2021) Down East, 8 April. Available at: https://downeast.com/arts-culture/rachel-and-ryan-adams/ (Accessed: 26 May 2021).
‘Baltimore Alumnae Chapter – Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.’ (no date). Available at: https://www.bacdst.org/ (Accessed: 13 March 2023).
Beryl Elizabeth Williams, 85, ‘mother of continuing studies’ at Morgan State (1999) Baltimore Sun. Available at: https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1999-05-13-9905130189-story.html (Accessed: 29 March 2023).
Bill of lading for slave, 1719 (no date) Maine Memory Network. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/artifact/7372 (Accessed: 4 April 2023).
Black, E., Duster, T. and Williams, P.J. (2018) ‘Eugenics and the Nazis: The California Connection’, in O.K. Obasogie and M. Darnovsky (eds) Beyond Bioethics. 1st edn. University of California Press (Toward a New Biopolitics), pp. 52–59. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctv1xxxdw.11 (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Black History and the History of Slavery in Maine (no date) Maine Memory Network. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/lessons/black-history-and-the-history-of-slavery-in-maine/t6u3c5s7 (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
Black people in Maine (no date a) Maine History Online. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/793/page/1203/display (Accessed: 4 April 2023).
Black people in Maine (no date b) Maine History Online. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/793/page/1203/display (Accessed: 30 March 2022).
Brave, R. and Sylva, K. (2007) ‘Exhibiting Eugenics: Response and Resistance to a Hidden History’, The Public Historian, 29(3), pp. 33–51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2007.29.3.33.
Busby, C. (no date) About, Mainer. Available at: https://mainernews.com/about/ (Accessed: 18 April 2023).
by (2023) Black History of Maine with Bob Greene, Bangor Daily News. Available at: http://www.bangordailynews.com/event/black-history-of-maine-with-bob-greene/ (Accessed: 4 April 2023).
‘C. C. Little’ (2023) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._C._Little&oldid=1136999516 (Accessed: 17 April 2023).
C. C. Little [Photographic Portrait] (2023). Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._C._Little&oldid=1136999516 (Accessed: 7 April 2023).
Cape Verde and the Doctrines of Discovery (no date) My Maine Stories. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/3090/page/4891/display (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
‘C.C. Little Hall Task Force – Office of the President – University of Maine’ (2023) Office of the President, 1 March. Available at: https://umaine.edu/president/naming-task-force/ (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
Cecelski, D. (2019a) ‘Escape through the Dismal Swamp’, David Cecelski, 14 October. Available at: https://davidcecelski.com/2019/10/14/escape-through-the-dismal-swamp/ (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
Cecelski, D. (2019b) ‘Escape through the Dismal Swamp’, David Cecelski, 14 October. Available at: https://davidcecelski.com/2019/10/14/escape-through-the-dismal-swamp/ (Accessed: 1 July 2022).
Company, J.P. (1971) ‘People’, Jet, 4 November.
Company, J.P. (1975) ‘Delta Sigma Theta Honors’, Jet, 6 November.
Dancing through barriers (no date) My Maine Stories. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/3087/page/4888/display?return=featured (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
‘DeForest H. Perkins’ (2022) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DeForest_H._Perkins&oldid=1115838582 (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
DenHoed, A. (2016) ‘The Forgotten Lessons of the American Eugenics Movement’, The New Yorker, 27 April. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-forgotten-lessons-of-the-american-eugenics-movement (Accessed: 21 April 2023).
DeRoche, A.J. (no date) ‘Freedom without Equality: Maine Civil War Soldiers’ Attitudes about Slavery and African Americans’, UCLA historical journal, p. 15. Available at: https://escholarship.org/content/qt74b974x8/qt74b974x8_noSplash_07eb834ef5f6bd9327d179408e0a4340.pdf?t=mjzcd6 (Accessed: 1 July 2022).
Dikötter, F. (1998) ‘Race Culture: Recent Perspectives on the History of Eugenics’, The American Historical Review, 103(2), pp. 467–478. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/2649776.
Diogo, R. et al. (2023) ‘Not just in the past: Racist and sexist biases still permeate biology, anthropology, medicine, and education’, Evolutionary anthropology [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21978.
Dorr, G.M. (2006) ‘Defective or Disabled?: Race, Medicine, and Eugenics in Progressive Era Virginia and Alabama’, The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, 5(4), pp. 359–392. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25144454 (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Eastman, T. (no date) Yes, the Underground Railroad really did make stops in Maine, The Conway Daily Sun. Available at: https://www.conwaydailysun.com/news/local/yes-the-underground-railroad-really-did-make-stops-in-maine/article_8f7dcc1e-849f-11ec-8937-17194e655b33.html (Accessed: 1 July 2022).
Eugenics and Scientific Racism (2022). Available at: https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism (Accessed: 21 April 2023).
EugenicsArchive.Org: Image Archive on American Eugenics Movement (no date). Available at: http://eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/list3.pl (Accessed: 21 April 2023).
F et al. (2016) ‘The Supreme Court Ruling That Led To 70,000 Forced Sterilizations’, NPR, 7 March. Available at: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/07/469478098/the-supreme-court-ruling-that-led-to-70-000-forced-sterilizations (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Flaherty, C. (no date) Honors for Racist Scientists, Inside Higher Ed. Available at: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/09/07/editorial-nature-sets-debate-over-building-names-and-statues-honor-racist-scientists (Accessed: 17 April 2023).
Forced sterilization policies in the US targeted minorities and those with disabilities – and lasted into the 21st century (no date). Available at: https://ihpi.umich.edu/news/forced-sterilization-policies-us-targeted-minorities-and-those-disabilities-and-lasted-21st (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Frazier, I. (2019) ‘When W. E. B. Du Bois Made a Laughingstock of a White Supremacist’, The New Yorker, 19 August. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/08/26/when-w-e-b-du-bois-made-a-laughingstock-of-a-white-supremacist (Accessed: 21 April 2023).
Glenna, L.L., Gollnick, M.A. and Jones, S.S. (2007) ‘Eugenic Opportunity Structures: Teaching Genetic Engineering at US Land-Grant Universities since 1911’, Social Studies of Science, 37(2), pp. 281–296. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25474517 (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Gore, T. (2018) ‘The Quilting Tradition’, BLACK ART IN AMERICATM, 9 November. Available at: https://www.blackartinamerica.com/index.php/2018/11/09/the-quilting-tradition/ (Accessed: 26 February 2022).
Gregory, S.T. (2001) ‘Black Faculty Women in the Academy: History, Status, and Future’, The Journal of Negro Education, 70(3), pp. 124–138. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3211205.
Johnson, K.K. (no date) History of the Opera House: Controversial U-M president speaks at opera house, Cheboygan Daily Tribune. Available at: https://www.cheboygannews.com/story/opinion/columns/2022/02/01/history-opera-house-controversial-u-m-president-speaks-opera-house/9282467002/ (Accessed: 17 April 2023).
Karen Sieber (2021) Red Summer Racial Violence Comes to Campus, Clio. Available at: https://theclio.com/entry/128856 (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
Kealey, T. (2001) ‘A Black Student’s Primer on the History of Eugenics’, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, (34), pp. 114–115. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3134140.
Lubin, E. (2021) ‘Little Hall Becomes Williams Hall | UMaine Alumni Association’, 17 August. Available at: https://www.umainealumni.com/humanities/little-hall-becomes-williams-hall/ (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
Maine and the Atlantic World Slave Economy (no date) My Maine Stories. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/3096/page/4897/display?return=featured (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
Maine Eugenics (no date). Available at: https://www.uvm.edu/~lkaelber/eugenics/ME/ME.html (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Malaga Island: A once-suppressed history comes to light (no date). Available at: https://spectrumlocalnews.com/me/maine/vod/2021/08/16/malaga-island–a–visible-example-of-state-sponsored-racism– (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
Malaga Island: How to rectify a racist past (no date). Available at: https://spectrumlocalnews.com/me/maine/vod/2021/08/16/malaga-island–how-to-rectify-a-racist-past– (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
McMahon, K. (no date) ‘A Sufficient Number: The Historic African American Community of Peterborough in Warren, Maine (MA Thesis 2013)’. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/34635358/A_Sufficient_Number_The_Historic_African_American_Community_of_Peterborough_in_Warren_Maine_MA_Thesis_2013_ (Accessed: 3 September 2022).
MD 21213, R.H., Baltimore City Public Schools, 1401 East Oliver St ,. Baltimore (no date) Williams, Beryl, DigitalCommons@UMaine. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/univ_photos/2988 (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
M.D, D.D.R. (1957) An Open Letter to Dr. Clarence Cook Little, The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1957/10/an-open-letter-to-dr-clarence-cook-little/642504/ (Accessed: 17 April 2023).
‘Media report on Williams Hall mural – UMaine News – University of Maine’ (2023) UMaine News, 17 March. Available at: https://umaine.edu/news/blog/2023/03/17/wfvx-reports-on-williams-hall-mural/ (Accessed: 16 April 2023).
Mosley, M.H. (1980) ‘Black Women Administrators in Higher Education: An Endangered Species’, Journal of Black Studies, 10(3), pp. 295–310. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2784137 (Accessed: 29 September 2022).
My family and Malaga Island (no date) My Maine Stories. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/3098/page/4899/display?return=featured (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
Nelson, S. (2019) ‘Malaga Island, Phippsburg’, Maine Coast Heritage Trust, 26 April. Available at: https://www.mcht.org/preserve/malaga-island/ (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
Our Mission | National Council of Negro Women, Inc. (no date). Available at: https://ncnw.org/our-mission/ (Accessed: 13 March 2023).
Peopling Maine (no date) Maine History Online. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/879/page/1290/display?page=3 (Accessed: 4 April 2023).
pressherald.com (no date) The Night Portland Burned, Portland Press Herald. Available at: http://specialprojects.pressherald.com/portlands-great-fire (Accessed: 4 April 2023).
Quoy Wong family, Bangor, 1922 (no date) Maine Memory Network. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/artifact/10374 (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
‘Race Betterment Foundation’ (2022) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Race_Betterment_Foundation&oldid=1108696366 (Accessed: 7 April 2023).
Rachael Keri Williams et al. (no date) Beryl Warner Williams Hall Mural Planning [Digital].
rachel gloria adams (@rachelgloriaia) • Instagram photos and videos (no date). Available at: https://www.instagram.com/rachelgloriaia/ (Accessed: 24 September 2022).
rdennis@berkeleyind.com, R.C.D.J. (2018) The story of the Dorchester County slave who escaped to Maine, Post and Courier. Available at: https://www.postandcourier.com/journal-scene/news/the-story-of-the-dorchester-county-slave-who-escaped-to-maine/article_5bb45fab-a136-5dbc-99e1-c4089667e27f.html (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
Relf v. Weinberger (no date) Southern Poverty Law Center. Available at: https://www.splcenter.org/seeking-justice/case-docket/relf-v-weinberger (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Resources (no date) Sterilization and Social Justice Lab. Available at: https://www.ssjlab.org/resources.html (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Ryan Adams (@ryanwritesonthings) • Instagram photos and videos (no date). Available at: https://www.instagram.com/ryanwritesonthings/ (Accessed: 24 September 2022).
Stern, A.M. (2010) ‘Improving Hoosiers: Indiana and the Wide Scope of American Eugenics’, Indiana Magazine of History, 106(3), pp. 219–223. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5378/indimagahist.106.3.0219.
Surviving Eugenics Documentary Film (no date). Available at: https://eugenicsarchive.ca/film/ (Accessed: 21 April 2023).
Swartz, B. (2013) Escaping slave saw Maine soldiers standing by ‘the gates of Heaven’, Bangor Daily News. Available at: http://www.bangordailynews.com/2013/02/12/the-weekly/escaping-slave-saw-maine-soldiers-standing-by-the-gates-of-heaven/ (Accessed: 1 July 2022).
The Legacy of Malaga Island and the Limits of Maine’s Progressivism | Surya Milner (2020) Catapult. Available at: https://catapult.co/stories/surya-milner-the-legacy-of-malaga-island-maine-mixed-race-community (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
The Pittsburgh Courier (1927) ‘Ada and Queenie Peters from Bangor Maine’, 17 September, p. 6. Available at: https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113735338/ada-and-queenie-peters-from-bangor-maine/ (Accessed: 27 November 2022).
The Pittsburgh Courier (1964) ‘Baltimore Deltas Host Brilliant Eastern Regional Conference 25 Apr 1964 -Pittsburgh Courier’, 25 April, p. 7. Available at: https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113734153/baltimore-deltas-host-brilliant-eastern/ (Accessed: 27 November 2022).
The Pittsburgh Courier (1965) ‘Murph in Maine’, 8 May, p. 8. Available at: https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48035289/murph-in-maine/ (Accessed: 27 November 2022).
‘The Supreme Court Ruling That Led To 70,000 Forced Sterilizations’ (2016) Fresh Air. NPR. Available at: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/07/469478098/the-supreme-court-ruling-that-led-to-70-000-forced-sterilizations (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
Tichavakunda, A. (2022) ‘University Memorials and Symbols of White Supremacy: Black Students’ Counternarratives’, The Journal of Higher Education, 93, pp. 1–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2022.2031707.
‘UMaine to dedicate Williams Hall April 28 for alumna who was an education and civic leader – UMaine News – University of Maine’ (2023) UMaine News, 19 April. Available at: https://umaine.edu/news/blog/2023/04/19/umaine-to-dedicate-williams-hall-april-28-for-alumna-who-was-an-education-and-civic-leader/ (Accessed: 19 April 2023).
UMaine’s Ugly Ties to the Field of Eugenics and the KKK (no date a) Clio. Available at: https://theclio.com/entry/129845 (Accessed: 9 April 2023).
UMaine’s Ugly Ties to the Field of Eugenics and the KKK (no date b) Clio. Available at: https://theclio.com/entry/129845 (Accessed: 26 May 2021).
Warner, B.E. (1940) A Reorganization in the Continuity of Subject Matter in Mathematics. The University of Maine. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3384 (Accessed: 18 September 2021).
We Are An Ordinary Family (no date) My Maine Stories. Available at: https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/3079/page/4880/display?return=featured (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
Wernimont, J. (2021) ‘Listening, Care, and Collections as Data’, Journal of Critical Digital Librarianship, 1(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.31390/jcdl.1.1.04.
‘White Americans’ (2023) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Americans&oldid=1144063005 (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
Why Is Maine So White? And What It Means To Ask The Question (2019) Maine Public. Available at: https://www.mainepublic.org/maine/2019-02-19/why-is-maine-so-white-and-what-it-means-to-ask-the-question (Accessed: 25 February 2022).
‘Williams Hall – Self-Guided Walking Tours – University of Maine’ (no date) Self-Guided Walking Tours. Available at: https://umaine.edu/sights/circle-mall-tour/williams-hall/ (Accessed: 11 March 2023).
Williams, R.K. (2023) ‘Beryl Warner Williams Hall’, SOALblog, 12 March. Available at: https://lincolncemetery.org/index.php/beryl-warner-williams-hall-descendant-reclaiming-black-history-in-the-whitest-state-in-america/ (Accessed: 12 March 2023).