Civil War Veterans Buried at Lincoln Cemetery
Harrisburg’s Civil War Veterans Buried at Lincoln Cemetery
This list is by no means complete, but I figure if I keep waiting until it is complete, I would never be able to publish it… While compiling this, long-overdue, list of African American Civil War Veterans buried at Lincoln Cemetery, I realized that I was missing several of our most famous soldiers: Jacob Tilford Cumpton, Thomas Morris Chester, and Ephraim Slaughter! I guess it never occurred to me to add them to the list, because I definitely was not going to forget their names!
The Pennsylvania State Historical Marker that is installed outside of the Harrisburg Lincoln Cemetery main entrance, estimates that there are “at least 20 veterans of the Civil War” buried here. But, their estimate falls far short of the 132 Black veterans of the Union Army that we have been able to account for.
And, I still have 5 additional soldiers that have left me with a lot of questions (so they are not included in the list). This post is not specifically about the United States Colored Troops, because we have at least one Civil War veteran buried at Lincoln Cemetery who was a White Man. We have in this list men who served in the the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Infantries; the 5th Massachusetts Calvary; the 29th Connecticut; the 15th New York; the Union Navy (aboard many vessels). Of course, Lincoln Cemetery is the final home of many African American men who were soldiers in the Pennsylvania Regiments of the United States Colored Infantry, but also troops mustered in the Carolinas, Florida, and Georgia.
We have men, like Isaac France, who told stories of being well-acquainted with both the Union and the Confederate Armies, but have yet to find any official record of any formal conscripted service.
And we have the stories of women like Jane Welcome, who refused to stay silent and meekly allow our nation to treat her sons as less than men, by compensating them for their service at rates that were less other conscripted men.
We will even eventually list the men and women who served as unassigned recruiters, and the women who were Matrons in the USCT.
All of our stories are heroic, unique, remarkable— I only hope, that with time, we will do them justice by telling them, as fully as possible.
Our African American Civil War Veterans
Horace Adams, 1844 – 18 Jul 1891, Plot info: Block C
Hezekiah A Adley, Mar 1840 – 30 Nov 1905
Peter Adley, 1 Aug 1828 – 12 Mar 1906
Aquila H. Amos, 1823 – 1 Jan 1874, Plot info: Block E
Abraham “Abe” Anderson, 1835 – 5 Nov 1897
John Anderson, 1848 – 5 Jan 1908,
Daniel Appleberry, Jan 1831 – 7 Jul 1905
James Monroe Auter, 1847-1908, Plot Info: Block C, Navy
Sylvester Barnard Bair, 2 May 1845 – 25 Jun 1918
Alexander “Sunny” Baker, 11 Dec 1840 – 27 Sep 1908,
George “George H. Ragens” Barnes, 1846 – unknown,
George Bartley, 1832 – 12 Mar 1904, Plot info: Block F
John Henry Barton, 13 Jan 1848 – 17 Jul 1942,
George W. Bell, 1843 – Nov 1892
Horace B. Bennett, Oct 1837 – 4 Jan 1905
William H. Bibb, 1851 – 22 Mar 1904
Robert Booth, 16 Dec 1844 – 22 Apr 1887, Plot info: Block C,
John H. Boyer, 2 Feb 1830 – 9 Apr 1909,
Jared N. Brooks, unknown – 15 Mar 1922
Thomas J. Brooks, 1837 – 18 Mar 1888
Cassius Maddagan Brown I, 1844-1921
William Burris, 25 Apr 1835 – 1 May 1909
Horace (Horatio) B. Burton, 22 May 1842 – 18 Nov 1886, Plot info: Block E
John H. Butler, 1846 – 16 Apr 1919
Shadrack Campbell, 1846 – Apr 1892,
Theo K. Campbell, unknown – 6 Apr 1892
Wilkins Carney, 1834-Apr 1866, Co. K 43rd USCT
Thomas Morris Chester, 11 May 1834 – 30 Sep 1892,
John S. Clafford, 1840 – 5 May 1907, Plot info: Block F
James Clark, 1841 – 2 May 1887,
William Clark, 25 Dec 1836 – 12 Mar 1916
William F. Cole, 1838 – 11 Mar 1884, Plot info: Block E
Alexander Costley, Aug 1836 – 22 Jul 1906
John Peter Crabb, 20 Oct 1844 – 12 Jul 1901
William Craig, 1848 – 4 Dec 1927, Pvt Co. H 32nd Reg USCT
Jacob Tilford Cumpton, 3 Aug 1836 – 6 Sep 1905, Sergeant Co. D 24th USCT.
George Calvin Dickey, Apr 1848 – 27 Feb 1907, Co. C 201st PA Volunteers
James Edward Dent, 1839-1913, Private Co. C. 127 U.S.C.T. Infantry
Joseph A. Dixon, 1846– 29 Jan 1889, Co. D 45th USCT
William Dixon I, 1849 – 19 May 1921, Co. D. 24th USCT
Charles H Dorsey,18 Apr 1842 – 17 Aug 1912, 38th USC Inf Co. K
Samuel Downey, 25 Dec 1838 – 23 Jul 1923, Co. D 24th Reg USCT
John Dupee, 1835 – 28 Nov 1886, Private Unit: K. 116.th USCT
James W. Edwards, 1 Mar 1848 – 2 Nov 1883
Wesley Evans, Oct 1836 – 27 Apr 1901
Harry F. Flowers, 23 Feb 1845 – 7 Jul 1928,
James Alexander Fountain, Dec 1840 – 23 Feb 1913,
Alexander Gibbs, 1842 – 30 Jan 1906, Plot info: Block F
George Gibson, 22 Feb 1847 – 1 Jul 1932, Co. M. 2nd USCT
Lewis Giddens, 25 Dec 1844 – 24 Apr 1923
Isaac E. Gordon, 1840 – 2 Sep 1877, Plot info: Block C
William H Gray, 16 Oct 1839 – 9 Sep 1906, Plot info: Block C,
William M. Gray, May 1844 – 25 Jan 1904
Lexington Green, 1808 – 11 May 1893, Plot info: Block F
James Greenley Sr., 1800 – 24 Jan 1889, Plot info: Block C
Corp James C. Greenley Jr., 10 Feb 1845 – 31 Dec 1911
Samuel F. Hall, Apr 1841 – 4 Feb 1919, Plot info: Block D
Sgt Samuel W. Harley, Birth and death dates unknown.
John Harris, 1838 – 31 May 1895, Plot info: Block EF,
William Harris, 1838 – 14 Oct 1910
Richard Hayes, 1850-14 Oct 1902, Plot info: Block F
Abram Holmes, 1845 – 22 Feb 1899, Plot info: Block D, 36th USCT Ambulance Corps
Nathan Hopkins, 1847 – 18 Jan 1929, Co. A. 127th USCT
Fenton Jackson I, Jan 1843 – 20 Mar 1922
John Jackson, 5 Jan 1840 – 7 Apr 1899, Plot info: Block C
Abraham Johnson, 15 Dec 1847 – 24 Nov 1916
John W “J W” Johnson, Aug 1837 – 22 Jun 1909,
Joseph J. Johnson, 8 Aug 1815 – 28 Apr 1909
Crofford Jones, 1846 – 31 Jan 1928
Samuel Jones, 7 Dec 1844 – 10 Jul 1889, Plot info: Block E
William Jones, 1841 – 30 Dec 1890, Plot info: Block C
Benjamin Lamkins, 1844 – 1923, Plot info: Block D
George J. Lee, 1 Aug 1840 – 16 Mar 1898
William T. Lee, 1843 – 7 Jul 1898, Plot info: Block C,
William Levea, 1841 – unknown
John Lexington, 1838 – 6 Jul 1888, Plot info: Block F,
William Logan, 1843 – 11 May 1887,
Edward Lowery, 1828 – 4 Jun 1910,
Richard Luster, 15 Jun 1838-1 Jan 1911, Plot info: Block F,
Isaac Madison, 1837 – 7 Jun 1892,
Cassius H. Mars, 18 Jul 1844 – 6 Apr 1914,
Elisha B Marshall, 1838-1876
Thomas Mason, 1844 – unknown
James McClintic, 1816 – unknown
William H. McClintic,, 26 May 1845 – 31 May 1880, Plot info: Block EF,
John T. McGrew, 1847 – 3 Feb 1893, Plot info: Block E
Benjamin Mellon, 1837 – 7 May 1921
Giles Miles, 15 May 1840 – 16 Jun 1916
Jacob Miles, 1833 – 6 Sep 1896, Plot info: Block F,
John G. Miller, Birth and death dates unknown.
Corp Thomas J. Miller, 14 Sep 1843 – 14 Oct 1912
Samuel Molson, 1831 – 31 Jan 1887, Plot info: Block E Section #3 Row #2 Lot #58
Carl Monroe, unknown – 30 Mar 1899
David Montgomery, 10 Apr 1836 – 23 Aug 1908
George Morgan, 4 Jul 1853 – 6 Jun 1899,
Daniel Nickens, 29 Nov 1835 – 16 Dec 1914,
Noah H Pinkney, 31 Dec 1845 – 6 Aug 1923
William H. Powell, unknown – 26 Oct 1897,
John Preston, 1827-6 Jul ?
James Robinson, 1828 – 29 Oct 1896,
Richard Robinson, unknown – 20 Oct 1936
George R Scott, 31 Jul 1822 – 16 Feb 1872
William P. Scott, 1837 – 25 Aug 1889, Plot info: Block E
Henry Stevenson Sigler, 1848 – 13 Sep 1916
John W. Simpson, 24 Feb 1835 – 6 Apr 1899
Ephraim Slaughter, 17 Jan 1846-17 Feb 1943, Plot info: Block B
Andrew Smith, unknown – 10 Aug 1885,
Samuel Smith, 10 Jun 1840 – 18 Mar 1910
Simon Peter Smothers, 12 Aug 1834 – 8 Sep 1915
Philip Snively, 1835 – 29 Feb 1896
Marshall Spence II, 4 May 1850 – 11 Apr 1907
Thomas H. SpotTwood, 25 Jul 1823 – 31 May 1890,
David “Davy” Stevens, 1839 – 2 Nov 1917
Jeremiah Steward, 1835 – 9 Jun
James Stocks, 1841 – 1923
Richard Religion Summers, 1836 – 8 Oct 1902
Frederic Thomas, 1823 – 22 May 1893, Plot info: Block F,
George W. Thomas, 1845 – 7 Mar 1917
Thomas H. Thompson, Jul 1840 – 4 May 1905
William Toop, 1812 – 4 Aug 1877, Plot info: Block F Sec 8 Row 3 Plot 194
Andrew Arthur Ward, 10 Mar 1843 – 4 Aug 1893
Jacob Washington, 1843 – 11 Mar 1888,
William H. Weaver, 1833 – 26 Sep 1888
Martin Mark Welcome, 1836 – 20 Feb 1893, Plot Info: Block E, SGT Co. A 8th Reg USCT
William White, 1 Mar 1841 – 20 Oct 1920
Charles L. Williams, 24 Oct 1836 – 27 Dec 1887,
Ezekiel Williams, Birth and death dates unknown.Plot info: Block E Sec 7 Row 11 Plot #158,
George Williams, 1834 – unknown,
Gideon Williams, May 1847 – 22 Apr 1910
Jacob Williams, 10 Aug 1844 – 23 Feb 1908
Franklin Aquila Alexander Wilson, 10 Feb 1851 -11 Jul 1877
John R. Wilson, 1826 – 25 Feb 1886, Sargt Co. G 45th USCT
This Civil War Veteran List Will Be Updated!!!
If you have any information that varies from what is provided here–Please comment below or contact us with what you know! P.S. Many of these soldiers need bios for their findagrave page…Or, if you are interested in posting to the Lincoln Cemetery SOAL Blog, or have a bio on your own website–I would love to know!
African American Civil War Soldiers: Notes, References, Resources
1st Lt. John Downing [WIA Gettysburg]. Civil War to Union Brig. Gen. WILLIAM BIRNEY. “Missing Colored Troops That Were Detached as Sharpshooters to the 127th USCT.” Civil War, March 22, 1865. https://www.alexautographs.com/auction-lot/colored-troops-are-detached-as-sharpshooters_FF25B84B4F.
“1st Pioneer Infantry Regiment :: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center.” Accessed November 11, 2022. https://museum.dmna.ny.gov/unit-history/conflict/world-war-1-1914-1918/1st-pioneer-infantry-regiment.
“5TH MASSACHUSETTS COLORED VOLUNTEER CAVALRY :: Civil War :: Units :: Lest We Forget.” Accessed August 3, 2022. https://lestweforget.hamptonu.edu/page.cfm?uuid=9FEC386E-9EEE-A3BA-0556B76C3A506A96.
Battle Unit Details – The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service). “41st Regiment, United States Colored Infantry.” Accessed August 13, 2022. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm.
“127th USCT – Camp William Penn Museum.” Accessed November 18, 2022. https://usct.weebly.com/127th-usct.html.
1865#sthash.brazYfiC.dpuf, Harper’s Weekly http://www.blackpast.org/aah/55th-massachusetts-infantry-regiment-1863-, March 18, 1865 Wood Engraving Colonel Charles Fox Leading the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment into Charleston, S. C. when the City Surrenders to Union Forces on February 21, 1865″Image Ownership: Public Domain”-See more at: English: American Civil War. Charleston, South Carolina, circa 1865. December 15, 2015. http://www.blackpast.org/aah/55th-massachusetts-infantry-regiment-1863-1865. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colonel_Charles_Fox_Leads_the_Massachusetts_55th_Regiment_into_Charleston.jpg.
Adams, National Park Service / Nathan. English: Colored Union Troops as Portrayed by Living History Demonstrators Prepare of the Opening Ceremony While a Confederate Color Guard Looks on from the Hill Above. July 30, 2014. http://www.nps.gov/media/photo/gallery.htm?id=1594C083-1DD8-B71C-074FCC0C56F08BC0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Living_History_and_Color_Guard_164E4927-1DD8-B71C-0766C460FDDAA91E.jpg.
Administration, U. S. National Archives and Records. English: U.S. Civil War Pension (General Index Card) for William Henry Egle, Who Served as a Surgeon for the 116th U.S. Colored Troops; and the 47th Pennsylvania, Emergency Militia of 1863 (a 1-Month Militia Unit Which Differed from the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry, a 3-Year Volunteer Regiment); and Assistant Surgeon for the 96th Pennsylvania Infantry. Egle Later Became a Noted Historian and Author, as Well as the State Librarian of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1887-1889). February 13, 1901. “U.S. Civil War Pension Files” (general index). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (access provided via The Wikipedia Library and Fold3), retrieved online July 29, 2018. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Henry_Egle,_Surgeon,_116th_Regiment,_U.S._Colored_Troops_(Civil_War_Pension-Gen._Index).jpg.
.jpg){kind=link}
“African American Militia Units in Virginia (1870–1899) – Encyclopedia Virginia.” Accessed April 28, 2022. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/african-american-militia-units-in-virginia-1870-1899/.
Alison, Kurz and. English: A Kurz and Alison Lithograph Print of the Battle of Olustee. February 16, 2014. http://fineartamerica.com/featured/battle-of-olustee-american-school.html. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OlusteeKAFL.jpg.
Allison, Kurz &. Storming Fort Wagner. 1890date QS:P571,+ – -00T00:00:00Z/9 1890. Lithographmedium QS:P186,Q15123870. This image is available from the United States Library of Congress’s Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3b52016.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Storming_of_Ft_Wagner-lithograph_by_Kurz_and_Allison_1890.jpg.
Allison, Kurz and. English: Union Soldiers Storming the Walls of Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina, and Engaging Some Confederate Soldiers in Hand-to-Hand Combat. July 5, 1890. This image is available from the United States Library of Congress’s Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3b52016.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Storming_of_Ft_Wagner_by_Kurz_and_Allison_1890.tif.
“Army Life in a Blak Regiment, South Carolina Genealogy Trails.” Accessed November 2, 2022. http://genealogytrails.com/scar/cw_blk_regiment.htm.
artist, Bowser, David Bustill, 1820-1900. English: Title: Rather Die Freemen than Live to Be Slaves – 3rd United States Colored Troops. 1860. Library of Congress Catalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/98506817 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/cph/3a20000/3a24000/3a24100/3a24166u.tif Original url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98506817/. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rather_die_freemen_than_live_to_be_slaves_-_3rd_United_States_Colored_Troops_LCCN98506817.tif.
Arts, Popular Graphic. English: Title: The Gallant Charge of the Fifty Fourth Massachusetts (Colored) Regiment: On the Rebel Works at Fort Wagner, Morris Island, near Charleston, July 18th 1863, and Death of Colonel Robt. G. Shaw. 1863. Library of Congress Catalog: http://lccn.loc.gov/2001699787 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3a10000/3a10000/3a10400/3a10461r.jpg Original url: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.35357. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_gallant_charge_of_the_fifty_fourth_Massachusetts_(colored)_regiment-_on_the_rebel_works_at_Fort_Wagner,_Morris_Island,_near_Charleston,_July_18th_1863,_and_death_of_Colonel_Robt._G._Shaw_LCCN2001699787.jpg.
_regiment-_on_the_rebel_works_at_Fort_Wagner,_Morris_Island,_near_Charleston,_July_18th_1863,_and_death_of_Colonel_Robt._G._Shaw_LCCN2001699787.jpg){kind=link}
author, Unknown authorUnknown. Deutsch: Porträt von Colonel William Reed, Kommandeur Des 1. Südkarolina-Negerregiments, Gefallen 1864 in Der Schlacht Bei Olustee, FloridaEnglish: Lieutenant Colonel William N. Reed, Thirty-Fifth United States Colored Troops. before date QS:P,+1864- -00T00:00:00Z/7,P1326,+1864-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 1864. Archiv Dr. Rüdiger B. Richter. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Reed.JPG.
———. Dutch Gap, Virginia. Picket Station of Colored Troops near Dutch Gap Canal. November 1864. Library of Congress CALL NUMBER: LC-B811- 2553[P&P]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DutchGapb.jpg.
———. English: Arthur Thomas King, Captain of the 50th Regiment Infantry, U.S. Colored Troops. Unknown dateUnknown date. Historical Photograph, pre-1923. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arthur_Thomas_King,_Captain_of_the_50th_Regiment_Infantry,_U.S._Colored_Troops.jpg.
———. English: Company I of the 36th Colored Regiment, Which Served at the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm. July 16, 2014. http://www.toptenthailand.com/topten/detail/20131119114815858. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Company_I_of_the_36th_Colored_Regiment.jpg.
———. English: Flag of the 24th Regiment, United States Colored Troops. 1865. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/24th-regiment-colored-troops.jpg. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_24th_Regiment,_United_States_Colored_Troops.png.
———. English: Photo of Lieutenant Alexander A. Monroe of the 21st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Who Later Became a Major of the 122nd United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. between and 1865 date QS:P,+1861- -00T00:00:00Z/8,P1319,+1861-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1865-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 1861. Scan from the original work by Kenrossalex. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lt_Alex_A_Monroe.jpg.
———. English: See w:Raising the Flag at Fort Sumter and w:John Brown’s Body. March 18, 1865. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036764572&view=1up&seq=165&skin=2021. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colored_soldiers_singing_%22John_Brown%27s_Body%22.jpg.
———. English: This Is One of Two Known Photos of Milton Holland Taken in Uniform. The Other Photo Shows Him Wearing Two Medals, One of Which Could Be His Congressional Medal of Honor. If That’s the Case, the Other One Would Be 1865. This Photo Is Probably Earlier, Likely 1863 or 1864. August 6, 2013. This file comes for the National Archives. I personally paid to have this 600DPI scan made of this image. It was taken circa 1863, and is, therefore, in the public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Milton_M._Holland_600dpi.jpg.
———. Photograph Showing a Portion of the 127th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry (OVI). Taken in Delaware, Ohio on Sandusky Street Immediately South of the Ft. Delaware Hotel, Probably in 1863. The 127th Regiment OVI Was the First Complete African American Regiment Recruited in Ohio. It Was Later Re-Designated the 5th Regiment, United States Colored Troops. probably 1863. Ohio Historical Society, The African American Experience in Ohio. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:127th_Ohio_Volunteer_Infantry.jpg.
Balog, SGT Joshua. English: Members of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment Color Guard March during the 57th Presidential Inauguration Parade Jan. 21, 2013, in Washington, D.C. President Barack H. Obama Was Elected to a Second Four-Year Term in Office Nov. 6, 2012. More than 5,000 U.S. Service Members Participated in or Supported the Inauguration. January 21, 2013. http://www.defenseimagery.mil/imageRetrieve.action?guid=0e8f78614762e0922eb7b1fbb7d1ab359aff3549&t=2. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Members_of_the_54th_Massachusetts_Volunteer_Regiment_color_guard_march_during_the_57th_presidential_inauguration_parade_130121-A-TT968-141.jpg.
“Black Men in Navy Blue During the Civil War,” August 15, 2016. https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2001/fall/black-sailors-1.html.
Bower, David Bustill. English: Flag of the 22nd Regiment, United States Colored Troops. 1865. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CCU9cyvWEAQsa8i.png. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_22nd_Regiment,_United_States_Colored_Troops.png.
Bowser, David Bustill. English: 1864 Battle Flag Carried by the ‘127th Regiment U.S. Colored Troops,’ Hand-Painted by African-American Artist and Union Soldier David Bustill Bowser. 1864. Google Images. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1864_battle_flag,_127th_Regiment_U.S._Colored_Troops_by_David_Bustill_Bowser.jpg.
Brady, Mathew B. “1st U.S. Colored Infantry.” Still image, 1861. United States. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3c34622.
Brennanconnor1. English: Lewis Henry Douglass in His Union Army Uniform. May 18, 2016. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lewis_Henry_Douglass.jpg.
Brewerton, George Douglas. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper with United States Colored Troop Images, December 20, 1862. 1862. https://www.sethkaller.com/slideshow.php?id=1166&t=t-1166-003-Ks22483.02_p200_w.jpg via https://www.sethkaller.com/item/1166-22483.01-.02-Frank-Leslie%E2%80%99s-Illustrated-Newspaper-with-United-States-Colored-Troop-(USCT)-Images&from=6. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frank_Leslie%E2%80%99s_Illustrated_Newspaper_with_United_States_Colored_Troop_images.jpg.
Coalfather. English: Text from the Plaque in Front of Grave Marker: “Pvt. Lewis Martin, Born 1840 a Slave in AR, Served with the IL 29th USCT, Fought in Gen. Grant’s James River Campaign, Wounded at the Battle of the Crater, Petersburg, VA on July 30th Resulting in Amputations to His Right Arm and Left Leg. He Mustered-out on Nov. 6, 1865, Brownsville, TX. He Died Jan. 25, 1892 from a Stroke in Springfield, IL. Erected by American Legion Post #809 and Local Citizens. October 24, 2020. Own work. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Private_Lewis_Martin_gravesite.jpg.
Congress, From the collections of the Library of. English: The Men in This Picture Are from Company E, 4th United States Colored Infantry. Theirs Was One of the Detachments Assigned to Guard the Nation’s Capital during the American Civil War Of. circa date QS:P,+1864- -00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902 1864. This image is available from the United States Library of Congress’s Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cwpb.04294.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4th_United_States_Colored_Infantry.jpg.
Congress, Miscellaneous Items in High Demand, PPOC, Library of. English: Title: Battle of Milleker’s Bend. 1864. Library of Congress Catalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/2002698356 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/cph/3b20000/3b23000/3b23300/3b23335u.tif Original url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002698356/. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Milleker%27s_Bend_LCCN2002698356.tif.
———. English: Title: Battle of Milleker’s Bend. 1864. Library of Congress Catalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/2002698356 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b20000/3b23000/3b23300/3b23335r.jpg Original url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002698356/. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Milleker%27s_Bend_LCCN2002698356.jpg.
Connecticut, J. Oldershaw, Hartford. English: Black and White Carte de Visite of a Black Man Dressed in a Union Army Sergeant Uniform with Sergeant Stripes, Long Straight Sword Hung from Belt, and Left Hand Holding a Copy of a Book Entitled “The Great Rebellion,” by Joel Tyler Headley. 10 Cm x 7 Cm. Photograph by J. Oldershaw, Northeast Corner of High and Asylum Streets, Hartford, Connecticut. Courtesy of the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 1864. Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University [1]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black_soldier_in_Union_Army_Sergeant_uniform_1864.jpg.
Coyle, Laura. “Right from the Start: The Digitization Program at the Smithsonian's Nat. Museum of African American History and Culture,” 2018. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.3.292.
credited, Not. American Civil War Scene. “Our Colored Troops at Work — the 1st Louisiana Native Guards Disembarking at Fort Macomb, Louisiana.” 1863. 1863 engraving via [1]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OurColoredTroopsFortMacomb.jpeg.
Cullen, George M. “Bucktail Rifle Brigade! : $160 Bounty! Young, Active Men Wanted for This Crack Brigade of Sharpshooters! Now Is Your Chance before Drafting! Recruiting Office, in Independence Square / Geo. M. Cullen, Capt. | Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections.” [Philadelphia, Pa.] : U.S. Steam Job Print, Ledger Buildings, between and 1865 1862. Library Company of Philadelphia| Books & Other Texts | Rare | 2# Am 1862 Bucktail (1)5777.F.60a (McAllister). https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora:6668.
Currier, Currier and Ives Alternative names Currier & Ives Description American printmaking firm founded by Nathaniel. English: “The Gallant Charge of the Fifth Fourth Massachusetts (Colored) Regiment, on the Rebel Works at Fort Wagner July 18th, 1863,.” December 30, 1863. http://library.wichita.edu/foreverfree/gallantcharge.html. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Gallant_Charge_of_the_Fifty-Fourth_Massachusetts_Colored_Regiment_(1863),_Currier_and_Ives.jpg.
,_Currier_and_Ives.jpg){kind=link}
Davis, Theodore Russel. English: Illustration of the Battle of Milliken’s Bend, June 7, 1863, Part of the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. July 4, 1863. Harper’s Weekly (http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1863/july/battle-milliken-bend.htm). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Milliken%27s_Bend.jpg.
dbking, Unknown artistUnknown artist, photograph by. Martin R. Delaney, the Only Black Officer Who Received the Rank of Major during the Civil War. This Distinction Recognized Delany’s Stature as a Black Leader, Although It Proved to Be Mostly Symbolic. In the Decade before the War, Delany Had Been Active in the Movement to Relocate Free Blacks to Liberia, Where They Might Have Greater Freedoms. In 1863 Following President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and the Call for the Enlistment of Black Militia Regiments, Delany Began Actively Recruiting in New England. The Chance to Organize His Own Unit Came in February 1865, When Lincoln Commissioned Him a Major in the Army. Delany Hurrie to Charleston, South Carolina, and Began Recruiting Two Regiments of Former Slaves. The War Ended Two Months Later, However, before Delany or Any of His Men Had a Chance to Participate. circa date QS:P571,+1865- -00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902 1865. Hand-colored lithograph on paper, Height: 52.2 cm (20.5 in); Width: 43.8 cm (17.2 in)dimensions QS:P2048,52.2U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,43.8U174728. National Portrait Gallery. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Major_Martin_Delany.jpg.
Douglass, Frederick. English: A Printed Broadside Recruiting Men of Color to Enlist in the U.S. Military after the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. The Broadside Was Written by Frederick Douglass, Signed by Douglass along with 54 Leaders in the Philadelphia African American Community, and Published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1863. Cowan’s Auctions. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png.
Dunbar, Paul Laurence and DeVincent Collection of American Sheet Music. Candle-Lightin’ Time. Dodd Mead & co, 1901. https://doi.org/10.5479/sil.37071.39088001532191.
employee, N. P. S. English: A Bronze Statue of a USCT at Corinth Contraband Camp. January 18, 2007. NPS. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bronze_statue_of_USCT_Corinth_Contraband_Camp.jpg.
Exposition, African American Photographs Assembled for 1900 Paris. English: Title: Medal of Honor Men. 1900. Library of Congress Catalog: http://lccn.loc.gov/2001695575 Image download: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b30000/3b38000/3b38000/3b38021r.jpg Original url: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.33931. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medal_of_honor_men_LCCN2001695575.jpg.
“Family Heirloom, National Treasure: Rare Photos Show Black Civil War Soldiers.” All Things Considered, September 21, 2016. http://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&issn=&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA465357806&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs.
“GAR Records Program – Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War.” Accessed August 11, 2022. https://suvcw.org/garrecords/.
“Gathering of the Grand Army of the Republic in Buffalo – Burchfield Penney Art Center.” Accessed October 5, 2022. https://burchfieldpenney.org/art-and-artists/artwork/object:tl2017-002-000-possibly-1897-gathering-in-buffalo-of-the-grand-army-of-the-republic/#lg=gallery&slide=tl2017-002-000-possibly-1897-gathering-in-buffalo-of-the-grand-army-of-the-republic.
Gettysburg, Mailing Address: 1195 Baltimore Pike, and PA 17325 Contact Us. “African Americans during the Gettysburg Campaign – Gettysburg National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed July 6, 2021. https://www.nps.gov/gett/blogs/african-americans-during-the-gettysburg-campaign.htm.
Green, Kathryn. “James M. Paradis, African Americans and the Gettysburg Campaign.” The Journal of African American History 100, no. 1 (January 2015): 150–51. https://doi.org/10.5323/jafriamerhist.100.1.0150.
Guard, The National. The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground by Rick Reeves for the State of Massachusetts, 1863. Fort Wagner, South Carolina , 18 July 1863 — The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment Was Recruited in the Spring of 1863 by Governor John Andrew, Who Had Secured the Reluctant Permission of the War Department to Create a Regiment of African-American Soldiers. Like All Massachusetts Civil War Soldiers, the 54th’s Men Were Enlisted in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. These Guardsmen Would Serve as a Test Case for Many Skeptical Whites Who Believed That Blacks Could Not Be Good Soldiers. The Battle That Proved They Could Was Fought on Morris Island, at the Mouth of Charleston Harbor. Following Three Days of Skirmishes and Forced Marches with Little Rest, and 24 Hours with No Food, the Regimental Commander, Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, Requested the Perilous Honor of Leading the Attack of Fort Wagner, a Sand and Palmetto Log Bastion. As Night Fell, Six Hundred Men of the 54th Advanced with Bayonets Fixed. Despite Withering Cannon and Rifle Fire, the Men Sustained Their Charge until They Reached the Top of the Rampart. There, Colonel Shaw Was Mortally Wounded. There Also, Sergeant William Carney, Who Had Earlier Taken up the National Colors When the Color Sergeant Had Been Shot, Planted the Flag and Fought off Numerous Attempts by the Confederates to Capture It. Without Support, and Faced with Superior Numbers and Firepower, the 54th Was Forced to Pull Back. Despite Two Severe Wounds, Sergeant Carney Carried the Colors to the Rear. When Praised for His Bravery, He Modestly Replied: “I Only Did My Duty, the Old Flag Never Touched the Ground.” Carney Was Awarded the Medal of Honor for His Actions, the First African-American to Receive the Award. The 54th Massachusetts Suffered 270 Casualties in the Failed Assault. But the Greater Message Was Not Lost: Some 180,000 African-American Soldiers Followed in the Footsteps of These Gallant Guardsmen, and Proved That African-American Soldiers Could Indeed Fight Heroically If given the Opportunity… March 3, 2004. The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground by Rick Reeves. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Old_Flag_Never_Touched_the_Ground.jpg.
Gugliotta, Guy. “New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll.” The New York Times, April 2, 2012, sec. Science. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html.
Henry, Edward Lamson. Presentation of Colors, 1864 The 20th Regiment United States Colored Troops Formed Line at the Foot of Twenty Six Street, East River, and Marched to Union Square. Arriving in Front of the Union League Club House at One o’clock. A Vast Crowd of Citizens Filled the Square, and Every Door, Window, Verandah, Tree, and House-Top That Commanded a View of the Scene Was Peopled with Spectators. Over the Entrance of the Club-House Was a Large Platform Ornamented with Flags and Filled with Ladies. In the Street Was Another Platform Tastefully Decorated and Occupied by Prominent Citizens. From the Stand the Colors Were Presented by President King of Columbia College. 1864date QS:P571,+ – -00T00:00:00Z/9 1864. Derived from: File:Henry-Presentation of Colors.JPGOriginal source: 1864 painting by Edward Lamson Henry, via scan from [1]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry-Presentation_of_Colors_(edit).JPG.
.JPG){kind=link}
Hillen, C. E. F. Various Employments of the Colored Men in the Federal Army, Color Illustrations, National Afro-American Museum. Published in Paul Fleury Mottelay, Ed. The Soldier in Our Civil War a Pictorial History of the Conflict, 1861–1865, Illustrating the Valor of the Soldier as Displayed on the Battle-Field (1886). 1886. https://ohiomemory.org/digital/collection/p15005coll34/id/412/. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Various_Employments_of_the_Colored_Men_in_the_Federal_Army,_color_illustrations.jpg.
City of Alexandria, VA. “History of L’Ouverture Hospital.” History Blog, January 10, 2022. https://www.alexandriava.gov/historic-sites/louverture-hospital.
Hparkins. “The 150th Anniversary of the United States Colored Troops.” Pieces of History (blog), May 22, 2013. https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2013/05/22/usct-service-records-digitization-project-completed-on-150th-anniverisary-of-united-states-colored-troops-may-22/.
Id: 493. “USCT Artillery Garrison.” ExploreKYHistory. Accessed February 23, 2022. https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/files/show/493.
Jackson, Debra. “A Black Journalist in Civil War Virginia: Robert Hamilton and the ‘Anglo-African.’” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 116, no. 1 (2008): 42–72. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27740409.
John D. Hoptak. “South Central Pennsylvanians in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry.” U.S. National Park Service. Gettysburg National Military Park (blog). Accessed September 26, 2022. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/54th-massachusetts-infantry.htm.
Jonathan W. White, Katie Fisher, and Elizabeth Wall. “The Civil War Letters of Tillman Valentine, Third US Colored Troops.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 139, no. 2 (2015): 171. https://doi.org/10.5215/pennmaghistbio.139.2.0171.
Joyce, Charles. “FREEDMEN WARRIORS, CIVIL RIGHTS FIGHTERS.” Military Images 34, no. 4 (2016): 42–49. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24865770.
Jpesch95. English: Marker Dedicated to the 26th Regiment of the U.S. Colored Infantry in the Civil War. October 23, 2020. Own work. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marker_dedicated_to_the_26th_Regiment_of_the_U.S._Colored_Infantry_in_the_Civil_War.jpg.
Levin, Kevin M. “The Diaries Left Behind by Confederate Soldiers Reveal the True Role of Enslaved Labor at Gettysburg.” Smithsonian Magazine. Accessed March 19, 2021. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/diaries-left-behind-confederate-soldiers-reveals-role-enslaved-labor-gettysburg-180972538/.
“Mathews, William H. | House Divided.” Accessed November 22, 2021. https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/32487.
Nast, Thomas. A Negro Regiment in Action (from Harper’s Weekly). March 14, 1863. Wood engraving, Sheet: 14 11/16 × 20 11/16 in. (37.3 × 52.5 cm). Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Negro_Regiment_in_Action_(from_Harper%27s_Weekly)_MET_DP832001.jpg.
_MET_DP832001.jpg){kind=link}
Negatives, Civil War Glass. English: Title: 1st U.S. Colored Infantry. between and 1865 date QS:P,+1861- -00T00:00:00Z/8,P1319,+1861-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1865-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 1861. Library of Congress Catalog: http://lccn.loc.gov/2004673345 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/cph/3c30000/3c34000/3c34600/3c34622u.tif Original url: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3f06431. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1st_U.S._colored_infantry_LCCN2004673345_(cropped).tif.
———. English: Title: Dutch Gap, Virginia. Picket Station of Colored Troops near Dutch Gap Canal. 1864. Library of Congress Catalog: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/cwp2003004888/PP Original url: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cwpb.01929. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_Gap,_Virginia._Picket_station_of_Colored_troops_near_Dutch_Gap_canal_LOC_cwpb.01929.jpg.
Negatives, O’Sullivan, Timothy H. ; Civil War Glass. English: Title: Petersburg, Va., Vicinity. The Execution of William Johnson, Jordan’s Farm. 1864. Library of Congress Catalog: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/cwp2003000531/PP Original url: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cwpb.01228. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petersburg,_Va.,_vicinity._The_execution_of_William_Johnson,_Jordan%27s_farm_LOC_cwpb.01228.jpg.
Nyttend. English: Graves of Black Union Soldiers (USCT) from the American Civil War Buried at West Point Cemetery in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. The Cemetery Is Listed on the National Register of Historic Places. April 15, 2017. Own work. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USCT_graves_at_West_Point_Cemetery.jpg.
FamilySearch Wiki. “Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Republic Membership Records – FamilySearch Historical Records,” April 1, 2022. https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Pennsylvania,_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic_Membership_Records_-_FamilySearch_Historical_Records.
Philadelphia, Committee of Ladies of. English: Flag of the 3rd United States Colored Troops (Reverse). October 1863. https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164006/http://www.usct.org/images/3rdusctpostcardweb.jpg. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_3rd_United_States_Colored_Troops_(reverse).png.
.png){kind=link}
Philadelphia, Library Company of. English: Recruitment Print Depicting Members of an African American Regiment Posed with Their White Commander at Camp William Penn, Cheltenham Township. Begun in 1863 with the Support of the Union League, Eleven Regiments Were Formed at Camp William Penn, the First Pennsylvania Camp for Volunteer African American Regiments. William Penn Was the Largest Civil War Camp for the Training of Officers to Lead African American Troops. February 9, 2007. https://www.flickr.com/photos/library-company-of-philadelphia/5390348857/. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_soldiers_at_Camp_%22William_Penn%22_Philadelphia,_PA.,_1863_(5390348857).jpg.
.jpg){kind=link}
National Museum of African American History and Culture. “Photograph of Members of the 55th Massachusetts Infantry.” Accessed November 30, 2021. https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2014.115.5.
“Pickets of the First Louisiana Native Guard” Guarding the New Orleans” – Encyclopedia Virginia.” Accessed April 26, 2022. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/7505hpr-0b16ef534745f0e/.
Post, ECW Guest. “‘They Will Charge to the Cannon’s Mouth:’ A Story of the 3rd United States Colored Cavalry.” Emerging Civil War (blog), December 6, 2021. https://emergingcivilwar.com/2021/12/06/they-will-charge-to-the-cannons-mouth-a-story-of-the-3rd-united-states-colored-cavalry/.
provided, Unknown authorUnknown author or not. Casualty List of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment from the Assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina. July 18, 1863. National Archives and Records Administration. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Casualty_List_of_the_54th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment_from_the_Assault_on_Fort_Wagner,_South_Carolina_-_NARA_-_300389.jpg.
Ramold, Steven J., William B. Gould, and Helen Hannon. “African Americans in the Navy during the Civil War.” The Journal of African American History 89, no. 4 (2004): 358–61. https://doi.org/10.2307/4134060.
“Rikers Island’s 26th U.S. Colored Troops Regiment.” Accessed November 2, 2022. http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/cw-usct/26th-usct-on-parade.html.
“Search For Sailors – The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed October 16, 2022. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-sailors.htm.
“Search For Sailors – The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed June 16, 2022. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-sailors.htm.
“Sergeant Carney’s Flag – 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment.” Accessed February 13, 2022. https://www.54thmass.org/regiment-history/sergeant-carneys-flag/.
NYPL Digital Collections. “Services of the Freed People on the Battle Field.” Accessed January 9, 2023. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47df-9583-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.
Sf46. Photo of Monument to United States Colored Troops of U.S. Civil War at En:Vicksburg National Military Park. 2008. Sf46 on the English Wikipedia. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vicksburg-USCT.JPG.
Society, Thomas C. McCarthy, New York Correction History. English: On Parade at Camp William Penn, Pa. May 31, 1864. http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/cw-usct/26th-usct-on-parade.html. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_U._S._C._T._26th.jpg.
Studio, Inside The Conservator’s. “Inside the Conservator’s Studio: Flags of the United States Colored Troops.” Inside the Conservator’s Studio (blog), June 14, 2014. http://insidetheconservatorsstudio.blogspot.com/2014/06/flags-of-united-states-colored-troops.html.
Talbott, Tim. “8th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery.” ExploreKYHistory. Accessed February 23, 2022. https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/167.
“The Black Phalanx – Olustee.” Accessed November 9, 2022. https://battleofolustee.org/letters/black_phalanx.htm.
“The Racial Divide of Local Civil War Medicine,” n.d., 2.
“Thomas Morris Chester (1834-1892) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree.” Accessed November 7, 2022. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Chester-1621.
TradingCardsNPS. “Hubbard Pryor: From Slave to Soldier. In 1864, a Young Slave Ran Away from a Georgia Plantation, Making His Way to Union Occupied Chattanooga, Tennessee. Hubbard Pryor Entered the City in Ragged Clothes, yet Was Determined to Fight for the Freedom of Those Remaining in Bondage. He Was One of the First African Americans to Enlist in the 44th US Colored Infantry.” Trading Card from Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park in Georgia and Tennessee, United States. May 18, 2012. Hubbard Pryor From Slave to Soldier. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hubbard_Pryor_From_Slave_to_Soldier_(7222779608).jpg.
.jpg){kind=link}
———. In Their First Opportunity to See Actual Battle, the 55th and 59th US Colored Troops Covered the Federal Retreat When Union Forces Were Overpowered at Brices Cross Roads. Nearly Half of the Union Soldiers Who Died There Were from Black Regiments, but They Saved Many Lives through Their Courageous Defense. May 18, 2012. Courage Under Fire. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Courage_Under_Fire_(7222968866).jpg.
.jpg){kind=link}
———. Kentucky Slave Andrew Jackson Smith Fled to Freedom Early in the Civil War, Serving as a Laborer in the 41st Illinois Infantry. Severely Wounded at Shiloh, Tennessee, in April 1862, Smith Recovered and Joined the 55th Massachusetts Colored Infantry. He Was Awarded the Medal of Honor for Distinguished Action in 1864 at Honey Hill, South Carolina. May 18, 2012. Brave Color Bearer: 55th Massachusetts. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brave_Color_Bearer-_55th_Massachusetts_(7223011698).jpg.
.jpg){kind=link}
———. Organized at the Corinth Contraband Camp in May 1863, the 1st Alabama Infantry Regiment of African Descent Gave Almost 1,000 Formerly Enslaved Men the Opportunity to Fight for Their. May 18, 2012. U.S.C.T. Fighting for their Freedom. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S.C.T._Fighting_for_their_Freedom_(7223011004).jpg.
.jpg){kind=link}
unattributed. Unidentified African American Soldier in Union Uniform with Wife and Two Daughters. between and 1865 date QS:P571,+1863- -00T00:00:00Z/8,P1319,+1863-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1865-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 1863. 1 photograph : quarter-plate ambrotype, Height: 13.9 cm (5.4 in); Width: 16.4 cm (6.4 in)dimensions QS:P2048,13.9U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,16.4U174728 (frame). Library of Congress. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unidentified_African_American_soldier_in_Union_uniform_with_wife_and_two_daughters.png.
“United States Colored Troops, The – Encyclopedia Virginia.” Accessed April 28, 2022. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/united-states-colored-troops-the/.
unnown. English: Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General. He Served in the Civil War First as a Captain with the 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Then as Colonel and Commander of the 59th United States Colored Infantry. He Was Brevetted Brigadier General, US Volunteers in February 28, 1865 in Recognition of His War-Time Services. between and 1865 date QS:P,+1861- -00T00:00:00Z/8,P1319,+1861-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1865-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 1861. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/22679/edward-bouton#view-photo=149528906. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Bouton.png.
various, and Start this Book. The Photographic History of The Civil War in Ten Volumes. The internet Archive. Accessed January 19, 2022. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Photographic_History_of_The_Civil_War_Volume_09_Page_179.jpg.
Walton-raji, Angela Y. “The USCT Chronicle: Remembering Andrew Jackson Smith – Medal of Honor Winner At Honey Hill.” The USCT Chronicle (blog), November 30, 2011. http://usctchronicle.blogspot.com/2011/11/remembering-andrew-jackson-smith-medal.html.
William A. Dobak. Freedom by the Sword : The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862–1867. ARMY HISTORICAL SERIES, n.d.
Winsboro, Irvin D. S. “Give Them Their Due: A Reassessment of African Americans and Union Military Service in Florida during the Civil War.” The Journal of African American History 92, no. 3 (2007): 327–46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20064203.
———. “Give Them Their Due: A Reassessment of African Americans and Union Military Service in Florida during the Civil War.” The Journal of African American History 92, no. 3 (2007): 327–46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20064203.
Young, Patrick. “The 5th Massachusetts Cavalry, a Black Cavalry Regiment in the Union Army.” The Reconstruction Era (blog), October 2, 2021. https://thereconstructionera.com/the-5th-massachusetts-a-black-cavalry-regiment-in-the-union-army/.
———. “The 5th Massachusetts Cavalry, a Black Cavalry Regiment in the Union Army.” The Reconstruction Era (blog), October 2, 2021. https://thereconstructionera.com/the-5th-massachusetts-a-black-cavalry-regiment-in-the-union-army/.
———. “The 26th United States Colored Troops-A Black Regiment from New York.” The Reconstruction Era (blog), July 17, 2020. https://thereconstructionera.com/the-26th-united-states-colored-troops-a-black-regiment-from-new-york/.
